Cherry Orchard By Chekhov Essay Example For Students

Cherry Orchard By Chekhov Essay There is a persuading banter whether The Cherry Orchard is a catastrophe or a parody. Chekhov emphatically contends that the play is a satire and ought to be proceeded as a parody. The thinker Aristotle can bolster Chekhov impression of his play. Aristotle characterizes a satire as an impersonation of characters of a lower type who are not terrible in themselves but rather whose deficiencies have something over the top in them. The distortion of The Cherry Orchard is because of a misconception of what a satire is. The compassion and empathy of the primary characters in The Cherry Orchard ought not visually impaired the peruser to the way that they are for all intents and purposes comic characters. For instance no character could be increasingly crazy then an aristocrat like Gayev, whose qualities as indicated by Chekhov are suavity and style. It isn't the way that Gayev turns into a bank official that is absurd yet that sense the start of the play it is made very certain that he would not have the option to hold an occupation for even a month. It is additionally unexpected that Gayev would turn into a bank official thinking about that clearly he and the remainder of his family are on the whole horrible with cash. Alongside Gayev his sisters capacity to get business and spending plan their cash is totally crazy. All through the play Ranyevskaya persistently goes through cash despite the fact that the family is penniless and losing all that they own. She has Leonid give Pishchik 200 and forty rubles in spite of the fact that she has revealed to Pishchik I have no cash, my sweet. This is crazy and the peruser needs to chuckle at the obliviousness of this family. Much increasingly absurd is Ranyevskaya worry for the lost of her has a place yet makes no endeavor to spare them. After Lopakhin has spent act one and some of demonstration two disclosing how to spare the land Ranyevskaya is capably to ask, what can we do? Let us know. This leaves Lopakhin to offer a diverting remark about this family such a peculiar unbusiness like individuals. Albeit lamentable occasions are occurring all through the play, the characters activities and vernacular is clever. The imagery of the offer of the cherry plantation can be sent as hilarious; it turns into a fundamental symbol for the recollections of the family. This play is created on fundamental estimations of this family. Nobody in the family needs to see the cherry plantation go however it is preposterous that the family doesn't see that the cherry plantation is going either by deal or advancement. Sense this is a reality, it is just risible that the family should benefit from the lost of the cherry plantation. The significance of fundamental qualities ought to be over run by the significance of endurance. Ranyevskaya doesn't appear to be worried about endurance and can just consider the to be plantation as a fundamental item. This is totally silly and shows the funny activities of Ranyevskaya. The perspective on the cherry plantation as a fundamental item additionally impacts the genuine goal of the cherry plantation. Firs says: In the past times, forty, fifty years prior, they used to dry the fruits, they used to splash them, they used to pickle them, they used to make jam out of them, and a seemingly endless amount of time after year. This inscription educates the peruser that the first reason for the land was for benefit. Ranyevskaya recollections of the plantation as a fabulous play area denies her to see reality that the cherry plantation was only her folks business and the time has come to change the business since circumstances are different. All of the numerous characters was deliberately arranged out to give some reason in the message passed on in The Cherry Orchard. Chekhov can show that the center of mankind is brimming with ridiculous feelings and thoughts. The significance of the utilization of satire in the play passes on with the significance of parody in our lives. It shows the peruser how the most absurd minutes and choices are likely the most significant ones.

The World of Culinary Arts

Preparing food is usually known as culinary craftsmanship. The word culinary is identified with the craft of making different sorts of food. A culinarian working in eateries is normally known as a cook or a gourmet specialist. The gourmet expert dexterously gets ready food that is satisfying to the eye and the sense of taste of the visitors. They are required to know about the study of food and the comprehension of diet and nourishment. They work principally in cafés, inns, carriers, luxury ships, medical clinics and different organizations. Kitchen conditions rely on the interest and kind of business. The craft of causing different foods to can be named as â€Å"Culinary Arts†.The history of culinary expressions returns to 1800s when the absolute first cooking school was begun in Boston, America. Where showing the craft of preparing and setting up the food were given to understudies, inurn they gave their insight to other people. The real insurgency began later in Culinary A rts through the TV where in 1946, James Beard began standard cooking classes in the craft of American Cooking. The French cooking was presented in American homes by Julia Child, in 1960’s when through the intensity of the radio she entered all the kitchens nationwide.The culinary foundation of America or CIA was established and was the first of its sort in the nation to hold profession put together cooking courses with respect to the craft of cooking. The food and most recent advancements overall depend on the fixings accessible around the locale. The dishes additionally rely on the social and the financial states of the city, area and nation. Food is one thing that has consistently been and will keep on being a major piece of our every day lives because of family plans that are acquired from the ancestors.Those who are keen on cooking, go to culinary schools to gain proficiency with the workmanship and get their expert degree in the field of culinary expressions. The excelle nce of this workmanship lies in the aptitude of understanding different kinds of tastes, introductions and food’s principle highlights. The eatery business is quick moving with the pattern of starting better-seasoned food from neighborhood sources. Industry pioneers are advancing towards new activities including the fertilizing the soil of food waste and reusing of cooking in lieu for serving financial and imaginative dishes.

Ethical Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Moral Theories - Essay Example This way of thinking framed a reason for Liberalism and Libertarianism. The adversaries express that it’s difficult to decide genuine parameters for estimating and contrasting human satisfaction among individuals. While the delight of the twisted person is seen as having equivalent incentive to the joy of the altruist, the enduring of others would balance any inferred joy for the perverted person; it’s shallow, impermanent. It takes for a little while to assess the upsides and downsides of an activity so that while we can’t know the complete picture quickly, enough of the outcomes of an activity are normally referred to in order to keep away from the most agony for the vast majority. This methodology just perspectives the final products of activities instead of the first aims. Kantianism was created by Immanuel Kant during the 1700s. He is viewed as one of the progenitors of reasoning of the brain and epistemology. His antecedents, Gottfried Leibniz and Christian Wolf, alongside Rene Descartes were endeavoring to locate a discerning method to move toward convictions about God without all the emotionalism of religion. He attests that individuals follow up on their convictions which are profoundly held fundamental standards; people are essentially sound and the world is loaded with wild occasions, along these lines levelheadedness is a definitive decent. Levelheaded convictions ought to be universalized. It is the first goal of an activity that decides its worth, as acts themselves ought to be performed for their inborn worth, not for the outcomes they produce. His work is partitioned into four classifications: 1) unadulterated hypothetical explanation, 2) functional explanation and morals, 3) style and teology, and 4) reasonable religion. The issue with Kantianism is that there is no single standard that is pertinent in each circumstance to portray an activity; it doesn’t have an approach to determine clashes between rules. There is n o space for variation with respect to moral laws. It didn’t think about the sentiments of the human, just the levelheaded perspectives. Implicit agreement Theory has been around since Socrates, in spite of the fact that Thomas Hobbs is viewed as the cutting edge author in the center 1600s. His defenders, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, later elucidated his hypothesis to figure a lot more extensive politically relevant social speculations. Basically, the conviction people in their characteristic state meet up to frame a commonly consensual understanding where they consent to constrain themselves and their conduct to that which is useful to the administration of all. We are self-intrigued creatures, which in our characteristic condition, are represented distinctly by our own feeling of individual force and inner voice. It framed a hypothesis of why we need government so as to stay cultivated, the individuals surrender a few rights so as to profit by a more noteworthy soci al request. Rivals attest that while it traces our privileges and commitments as individuals in the entire network of humankind, it doesn’t take into account clarifying the full human involvement with terms of brain research and inspiration. It relies upon the more noteworthy accord of the gathering to decide how the entire gathering will be treated without regard for independence or human contemplations. In the event that most of the gathering is consensual with a specific constraint or something to that affect, at that point the entire society is limited by that equivalent breaking point. It damages authoritative hypothesis in that agreements require every single invested individual to consent to the agreement, not simply the greater part. Divine Command Theory has been a

“The Origin of Eros” The Foundation of Platonic Love and Affection in Plato’s “Symposium” - Literature Essay Samples

Plato’s â€Å"Symposium† is an essential piece of philosophical literature that concerns itself with the genesis, purpose and nature of love, or eros. Love is examined in a sequence of speeches by men attending a symposium, or drinking party. A symposia, or drinking party in ancient Greece, was an occasion for passing the cup, reciting poetry, singing songs, telling jokes and performing pantomimes. These were generally masculine affairs filled with wine and song, with no female presence. In the case of the â€Å"Symposium,† Plato uses the symposia as a literary device that allows him to explore the power and nature of the erotic and how it relates to issues of ethics, epistemology and ontology. Plato explores eros and the nature of love through a series of speeches, each delivered by an important figure of the time in ancient Greece. Each speech represents a rhetorical performance on the part of their speakers. The speeches also reflect the character, profession, and values of their speakers. Employing these speeches, Plato explores how love shapes our moral character, informs our ethics, raises questions of being, and drives the philosophical enterprise as a whole. The first essential sentiments shared with the group of scholars are delivered by humanist scholar, Phaedrus. Phaedrus begins the investigation into eros with great force and economy. He explains that Love is an old god that does the most to promote virtue in people: â€Å"Eros is a great god, a marvel to men and gods alike.† (Plato 178b) He justifies Love’s age by explaining that Love has no parents, therefore making him one of the oldest and most honored gods: Eros has no parents, either in reality or in works of prose and poetry. Take Hesiod†¦ All he says is that in the beginning there was Chaos†¦ Acusilaus agrees with Hesiod, that after Chaos there were just these two, Earth and Eros†¦ So there is widespread agreement that Eros is of great antiquity. And being very old he also brings us very great benefits. (178c) Phaedrus also explains that Love is the benefactor of humankind and the inspiration for honor. Simply put, only lovers would be willing to die for each other and a man would rather die than appear as a coward in front of his beloved: â€Å"Imagine a man in love being found out doing something humiliating, or letting someone else do something degrading to him, because he was too cowardly to stop it. It would embarrass him more to be found out by the boy he loved than by his father or his friends or anyone.† (178d) In this sense, Love represents the spirit of self-sacrifice, as a lover desires to live up to the expectations of the beloved and lovers are often ashamed to fail in front of each other: â€Å"What is more, lovers are the only people prepared to die for others.† (179b) This makes Love, as a god, great because people would not do these things without his help. People have a greatness and desire for love, and the relationship between the beloved and the lover is like that of the relationship between humans and gods. Love benefits both the lover and the beloved and it is the affection of the beloved that reinforces the guidance of the lover. Following this will result in rewards from the gods, according to Phaedrus. In order to further his point, Phaedrus chooses to cite famous Greek heroic and not so heroic relations, such as Hesiod, Acusilaus and Parmenides, Orpheus and Eurydice, Achilles and Patroclus and Alcestis and Admetus. In terms of Alcestis, Phaedrus explains how she pleased the gods: [Alcestis] alone was willing to die for her husband†¦ in so doing she was thought, by men and gods alike, to have performed a deed of supreme excellence. Indeed the gods were so pleased with her action that they brought her soul back from the underworld- a privilege they granted to only a fortunate handful of the many people who have done good deeds. (179b-d) Phaedrus also explains the fault at which Orpheus was at in comparison to Alcestis: Orpheus, on the other hand, was sent away from the underworld emptyhanded; he was shown a mere phantom of the woman he came to find, and not give the woman himself†¦ The gods thought he was a bit of a coward, lacking the courage to die for his love, as Alcestis did†¦ They punished him further, giving him death at the hands of women. (179d) Phaedrus states that in cases such as Achilles and Patroclus, there is a military advantage to male and male couples, as both men want to impress each other and therefore fight harder: â€Å"If there were some way of arranging that a state, or an army, could be made up entirely of pairs of lovers, it is impossible to imagine a finer population.† (178e) The erotic ideal in this case is thoroughly homoerotic, and privileges the moral power of male bonding. Phaedrus’ ideas portray Love as a coveted god who inspires lovers to form a spirit towards honor and self-sacrifice with one another. Following Phaedrus’ speech were the words of Pausanias, a Sophist, or legal expert. Pausanias’ speech draws from history and social customs, and is presented with a subtle approach. According to him, there are two Aphrodites, and therefore two Loves, and Love is inseparable from the goddess herself: â€Å"If there were only one Aphrodite, there would be one Eros. However, since there are in fact two Aphrodites, it follows that Eros likewise must be two.† (180d) Pausanias makes the distinction between Common Love and Heavenly Love, or upper and lower Aphrodite. Common Love is concerned with simple and mindless desire, and is opportunistic: â€Å"The Eros associated with Common Aphrodite is, in all senses of the word, common, and quite haphazard in his operation. This is the love of the man in the street.† (181a) Common Love involves seeking immediate gratitude, especially of a sexual nature. It is also considered a younger sort of Love, and is therefore im mature: â€Å"He picks the most unintelligent people he can find, since all he’s interested in is the sexual act†¦ This love derives its existence from the much younger Aphrodite, the one composed equally of the female and male elements.† (181b) Inversely, Heavenly Love is gained by those attracted to noble, strong and intelligent individuals. Heavenly Love always occurs between a man and a boy, where the boy makes love to the man in exchange for an education in wisdom and virtue: â€Å"Those inspired by this love turn to the male, attracted by what is naturally stronger and of superior intelligence.† (181c) Heavenly Love is considered older than Common Love. Pausanias also argues that Heavenly Love only has a father, exemplifying the idea of superior male nature, where Common Love has both a mother and a father, which explains the mixed nature of Common Love. Pausanias explains that Eros is centered on the relationship between individuals. He also articula tes that the ideal love relationship is a coincidence that involves both the fact that the lover’s willing subjugation is neither servile nor reprehensible, and that the beloved seeks subjugation of the lover purely for the pursuit of wisdom. Pausanias also explains that the act of love is beautiful if done for beautiful reasons, but shameful if done for shameful reasons: â€Å"Love is neither right nor wrong in itself. Done rightly, it is right; done wrongly, it is wrong. It is wrong if you satisfy the wrong person, for the wrong reasons, and right if you satisfy the right person, for the right reasons.† (183d) He introduces the idea that no action is inherently good or bad in itself, but how the action is performed is what designates good from bad. This translates as practical advice to the party of scholars. Pausanias’ argument is homoerotic and non heteronormative, similar to Phaedrus’, and is considered to many present scholars as the â€Å"hymn of homosexuality† in the work as a whole, which reflects on the Greek bias of male superiority. Eryximachus completely shifts the tone of the conversation on eros, bringing a plain argument without ornament, conceptualizing love in naturalistic terms: â€Å"I am a doctor by profession, and it has been my observation†¦ that Eros is aroused by many other things as well, and that he is found also in nature- in the physical life of all animals, in plants that grow in the ground, and in virtually all living organisms.† (186a) As a doctor, Eryximachus has high regard for his own expertise and believes that his position as physician is to distinguish noble love from ugly love. For this particular scholar, love exists in two forms: healthy and unhealthy, as it is able to transform the body’s desires and affect its health: â€Å"The nature of the human body shows this twofold Eros, since it is generally agreed that health and sickness in the body are separate and unalike, and that unlike is attracted to unlike, and desires it. So there is one force of attraction for the healthy, and another for the sick.† (186b) He argues that love promotes moderation and orderliness. Eryximachus also expostulates that love governs medicine, music and astronomy; providing a professional and mechanical definition, as medicine, like music, creates an agreement by producing concord and love between various opposites, and may be able to cure the diseased. He theorizes that love does not restrict itself to human interaction and can be found in everything in the universe: â€Å"In music and medicine, and in all other spheres of activity, human and divine, we must keep a careful eye, so far as it is practicable, on both forms of Eros. For both are present. The seasons of the year likewise fully illustrate their joint operation.† (187e) To him, love is the source of happiness, good fortune, civil order, and most importantly, concord with the gods: So great and widespread- in fact, universal- is the power possessed, in general by all Eros, but in particular by the Eros which, in the moral sphere, acts with good sense and justice both among us and among the gods. And not only does it possess absolute power; it also brings us complete happiness, enabling us to be companions and friends both of each other and of our superiors, the gods. (188d) For Eryximachus, love functions as a transition from the narrow definition of love as a physical desire to love as an intellectual concept that is highlighted later in Diotima’s speech. This argument counters the cultural conventionalism of both Phaedrus and Pausanias, as it takes the theory of multi-level love farther. Eryximachus explains that eros is a destabilizing force, made up of higher and lower Aphrodite. Lower Aphrodite translates to a man wanting a boy solely for his body, and Higher Aphrodite represents love in the mind and intellectual abilities. Love functions by creating a harmony between these two types of love, according to Eryximachus. The key to this is to find a method of enjoying the pleasures of Earthly love without falling into debauchery, and once this love is attained, it should be protected, according to Eryximachus. By conceptualizing love in terms of the human body and the health of an individual, Eryximachus brings a much more technical and direct definition of eros than the speakers before him. Aristophanes, the comic playwright, takes the topic of conversation an entirely new direction following Eryximachus. From the start, Aristophanes explains his intention to take a completely different approach than the other speakers prior: â€Å"It’s my opinion that mankind is quite unaware of the power of Eros†¦ Eros is the most friendly towards men. He is our helper, and cures those evils whose cure brings the greatest happiness to the human race.† (189c-d) His speech itself is considered almost the comedic relief or satirical portion of Plato’s â€Å"Symposium,† as it is almost poking fun at Greek myths. That said, Aristophanes begins with a myth involving the first people on Earth. The original inhabitants of Earth were three different sexes: Our original nature was not as it is now, but quite different†¦ There were three sexes, rather than the two we have now. The third sex was a combination†¦ Its name has survived, though the phenomenon itself has disappeared. This single combination, comprising both male and female, was, in form and name alike, hermaphrodite. (189e) The world we lived was a world where the males descended from the Sun, the females from the Earth and the androgynous individuals from the Moon. These individuals had two faces, eight limbs and two sexes that were interchanged within each other: â€Å"Each human being formed a complete whole, spherical, with back and ribs forming a circle.† (189e) These beings were extremely powerful, and would roll around the Earth: â€Å"They were remarkable for their strength and vigour, and their ambition led them to make an assault upon the gods.† (190b) These individuals threatened the gods, specifically Zeus, who wanted them destroyed. Zeus was aware that he could not destroy the human race, though, as humans provide ritual sacrifice to the gods. In response, Zeus chose to cut these humans in half, leaving a marking on the stomachs of these new humans: â€Å"I’m going to cut each of them in two. This will have two advantages: it will make them weaker, and also more useful to us, because of the increase in their numbers†¦ Apollo twisted the faces round and gathered up the skin all round to what is now called the stomach, like a purse with strings.† (190c-e) The entirety of the new human race entered a state of recovery, trying to recover their primal nature and find their other halves. Once found, the two halves would never want to be separated again, and the beings would be a whole orb instead of halves. As a consolation, Zeus granted the new human race the concept of sexual pleasure: He moved their genitals to the front, and made them use them for reproduction by insemination, the male in the female. The idea was that if, in embracing, a man chanced upon a woman, they could produce children, and the race would increase. If man chanced upon man, they could get full satisfaction from one another’s company, then separate, get on with their work, and resume the business of life. (191b-d) With this quest to find one’s other half, the concept of love as the desire and pursuit of the whole was born, as people should be guided by love to seek wholeness: â€Å"Each of us is a mere fragment of a man†¦ we’ve been split in two, like filleted plaice. We’re all looking for our ‘other half.’† (191d) Aristophanes explained that love is a need whose satisfaction is more than physical, and involves a longing to regain a lost happiness that, when found, will be life affirming. Aristophanes proposed a type of relationship that endures beyond mere sexual intimacy and satisfaction, and that all the passion in the world is still considered eros of Higher Aphrodite. Aristophanes also expostulates that once people find their â€Å"soul mates,† they remain together forever yet cannot articulate why. One of the more revolutionary concepts of Aristophanes’ theory was the acknowledgement of men being couples, women being couples and men and women being couples together. He also introduced the concept that people must understand human nature before they can interpret the origins of love and how it affects the present time. Aristophanes ends his speech with a warning, stating that men should fear the gods and should not neglect worshipping them, for fear that Zeus will split us in half again by our noses: â€Å"The danger is that, if we don’t treat the gods with respect, we may be divided again, and go round looking like figures in a bas-relief, sliced in half down the line of our noses†¦ That’s why we should all encourage the utmost piety towards the gods.† (193b) In his theory, Aristophanes utilizes love in terms of health, similar to Eryximachus, by classifying that love is motivated by an attempt to heal a wound. Following Aristophanes rather comedic speech, is Agathon’s beautifully formal speech, stating the object of love is beauty. He begins by speaking of Love’s physial character, and then describes his moral character. Agathon’s theory of love, is the opposite of Phaedrus’, stating that Love is the youngest of the gods and is an enemy of old age: â€Å"He is the youngest of the gods. He proves this himself, by running away at top speed from old age. Yet old age is swift enough, and swifter than most of us would like. It is Eros’ nature to hate old age, and steer well clear of it.† (195b) Love shuns the very sight of senility and clings fiercely to youth, as the old are no longer capable of love, and that the young cannot love the old. To him, Love is young, beautiful, sensitive and wise, and is the happiest of all gods because he is the most beautiful. Love is also dainty, delicate, soft, supple, graceful, balanced, fluid and has exquisite skin and coloring Agathon chooses to describe the physical characteristics of Love’s physical beauty as his own: â€Å"Very young, then, and very delicate. Another thing about him is that he’s very supple. He can’t be rigid and unyielding, because he wouldn’t be able to insinuate himself anywhere he likes, entering and leaving men’s hearts undetected.† (196a) Agathon argues that all speakers before him have neglected to praise the god himself, and that they simply celebrated the benefits that accrue from Love: â€Å"All the speakers so far have given me the impression that they were not so much praising the god as congratulating mankind on the good things the god provides.† (194e) He complains that the previous speakers also made the mistake of congratulating mankind on the blessing of love, yet have not acknowledged Love directly. He sees Love as responsible for implanting all virtues in the human race, and that the presence of Love settl es discord: â€Å"[Eros] gives us the feeling, not of longing, but of belonging, since his the moving spirit behind all those occasions when we meet and gather together.† (197d) Love is also a poet to Agathon, which opens up the conceptual door for the expressionist model of art in the Greek world. He also states that love creates justice, moderation, courage and wisdom- which were considered the cardinal virtues within ancient Greek culture. In terms of moral character, Agathon’s argument is semantic, as one doing something for love cannot be forced. Overall, Agathon’s speech is self-consciously poetic and rhetorical, as it is composed in the way of the Sophists. The largest shift in direction occurs when Socrates articulately dominates the conversation. Socrates’ speech can be broken into two phases, beginning with his interrogation of Agathon. Though Socrates’ speech as a whole could be paired with Agathon’s in terms of basic intention, their strongest disagreement can be found in their views on the nature of love. Agathon’s argument states that love, by nature, is inherently good and beautiful. Socrates challenges Agathon in this view, stating that love must be the love of something. He also states that Love itself loves things of which he has a present need: â€Å"Consider this proposition: anything which desires something desires what it does not have, and it only desires when it is lacking something.† (200a) Love consists in being conscious of a need for a good not yet possessed. Socrates’ responses to Agathon is considered a classical socratic dialogue of Plato, as Agathon refutes many of his previous statements, once prompted by Socrates. Socrates explains to Agathon that Love is not a god, but rather a spirit that mediates between people and the objects of their desire. He states that Love is neither wise nor beautiful, but is the desire for wisdom and beauty. Humans see good and beauty in other human beings, as well as the world around us, according to Socrates. He sees Love in terms of nature, and explains that Love expresses itself through pregnancy and reproduction. By reproduction, Socrates is referring to both physical, sexual reproduction as well as the sharing and reproduction of ideas over a period of time. Though he argues that Love is not immortal and that everything spiritual is between the gods and mortals, he states that our desire to be immortal is controlled by the concept of reproduction, so we continue to do so. To Socrates, humans have the erotic desire of trying to reproduce, which furthers his argument once he introduces his interactions with Dioti ma. Diotima, meaning â€Å"honored by Zeus,† argues that Love is a spirit who is half-god and half-man. Diotima taught Socrates the art of love, and is considered to many scholars to be his erotic teacher of sorts. Diotima questioned Socrates about love in terms similar to those by which Socrates interrogated Agathon. Love is neither immortal nor mortal, beautiful nor ugly, but rather, comes to life when he encounters the object of his desire but perishes when he does not, according to Diotima: He acts as an interpreter and means of communication between gods and men. He takes requests and offerings to the gods, and brings back instructions and benefits in return. Occupying this middle position he plays a vital role in holding the world together†¦ There is no direct contact between god man. All association communication between them, waking or sleeping, takes place through Eros. (202e-203a) She explains that Love is the son of Resource and Poverty, and because of this, Love is beggarly, harsh, and a master of deception who is always scheming, but also balanced and resourceful. Love’s conception occurred at the birthday party of Aphrodite, according to Diotima. Due to where he was conceived, Love becomes a follower and servant of Aphrodite, and does not satisfy the criteria to be a god. Love becomes a lover of beauty, and therefore loves wisdom because it is beautiful. Yet Diotima explains that Love himself is not delicate nor beautiful because of his parents, and is tough, shriveled and homeless instead: â€Å"Eros’ attributes are what you would expect of a child of Resource and Poverty†¦ he’s always poor, and so far from being soft and beautiful†¦ he is hard, unkempt, barefoot, homeless. He sleeps on the ground without a bed, lying in doorways or in the open street. He has his mother’s nature, and need is his constant companion.â €  (204d-e)   Diotima chooses to define love overall as the ability to attain approximation to perpetuity through procreation, as it is between wisdom and ignorance. Personally, Diotima advocates for a multi-step process of love, beginning with the actions of men who have love for a particular beautiful person. Following this instance, the man should love a person for general beauty, then physical beauty, moral beauty, and finally attain the love of wisdom. This process is the origin concept of platonic love, and Diotima’s views on Love and his conception inspires Socrates’ argument. The speeches of the evening come to a close with the entrance of Alcibiades, also known as the soldier of fortune at the party. Alcibiades enters the party filled with questions; questions particularly aimed at challenging previous speakers. Alcibiades begins by asking if eros is all the same, and questioning how there can be Higher and Lower Aphrodite if all life is erotic, according to Socrates. Alcibiades argues that physical sexual relations does not make someone special, as it is a common occurrence in society and sex is the one thing that we share with all living creatures. When one discovers their sexuality, Alcibiades states, you are not stumbling upon a great secret. One of the greatest points Alcibiades expostulates is that eros is not immortal, as desire fades and can die. The eros that does not die, Alcibiades says, is the exclusive definition of Higher Aphrodite. Examples of this form of eros are beauty, the good and truth, as they are eternal. Alcibiades also introduce s the idea of platonic love, using his rejection by Socrates as an example: â€Å"I fell asleep, and when I woke up in the morning I’d slept with Socrates all night, but absolutely nothing had happened. It was just like sleeping with one’s father or elder brother†¦ I was humiliated and yet full of admiration for Socrates’ character- his restraint and strength of mind.† (219c-d) He states that Socrates may present himself as your lover, but to be careful in this situation, as true love involves reproducing one’s idea in another through communication, which his love for Socrates is lacking. Alcibiades, along with Diotima, set up the development of platonic love. One of the most impacting results of Plato’s â€Å"Symposium† was the introduction of platonic love into philosophy. By definition, platonic love is heterosexual companionship without sexual desire. The type of love Plato seems to have admired most was that in which one man loved another because of his intelligence or virtue, rather than because of his physical attractions a love of the idea of beauty more than the physical appearance, and a love of a person is a lesser love to that of absolute beauty, the ideal form. Platonic love is chaste, non sexual, and is love as a means of ascent to the contemplation of the divine. This is vital because the most correct use of love of other human beings is to direct one’s mind to the love of divinity. Genuine platonic love is when a beautiful person inspires the mind and the soul and directs one’s attention to spiritual things. The term itself, though developed by, the â€Å"Symposium,† was coined by Floren tine philosopher Ficino. His coinage of the term signified the introduction of intellectual love between friends that in turn united members of the Platonic Academy where he studied into a community. The modern definition of platonic love has shifted in a different direction, referring to platonic love as disinterested and spiritual love without physical implications. Though the intentions behind each definition has changed, platonic love is a concept that resonates from ancient Greece to modern society. Plato’s â€Å"Symposium† had an incredibly positive reception and has influenced many prominent artistic forms since its creation. Many musicians have been inspired by the vast differences between each speech, and used these differences as   inspiration for different composed works. Leonard Bernstein’s 1954 â€Å"Serenade: After Plato’s Symposium,† draws inspiration from Platos â€Å"Symposium†. The seven speakers who inspired Bernsteins five movements are: Phaedrus: Pausanias—marked lento and allegro, Aristophanes—marked allegretto, Eryximachus, the doctor—marked presto, Agathon—marked adagio and Socrates: Alcibiades—marked molto tenuto and allegro molto vivace. Luigi Nono wrote a quartet titled â€Å"Fragmente-Stille an Diotima† in 1980 based on the views of Diotima from the â€Å"Symposium.† â€Å"Hedwig and the Angry Inch,† a rock opera debuted in the 1980’s, utilizes Arist ophanes’ myth of Zeus’ cutting humans in half in the song â€Å"The Origin of Love.† Several film and stage adaptations have been made based off of the â€Å"Symposium’s† text, such as the 1965 BBC TV play, â€Å"The Drinking Party,† a 1989 French adaptation titled â€Å"La Banquet† and German playwright Boudgoust’s 2007 stage adaption, â€Å"Das Grandiose Leben.†Ã‚   Overall, Plato’s â€Å"Symposium† can be seen in film, music, stage and both modern psychology and philosophy through the concept of platonic love.

The Deviant Act Of Student Alcohol Abuse - 1221 Words

Introduction: For the purposes of this assignment I have chosen to focus on the deviant act of student alcohol abuse, what that means, how it affects an individual, and how it can be explained through the use of two theories. The first theory would be the interactionist theory. Simply put, this theory states that crime is the consequence of the relationships of the individual. Secondly, I have chosen to add the social learning theory. This theory focuses on the individual’s behavior with respect to the environments influence, and the individual’s conditions. I feel that to help explain why students seem to partake in alcohol abuse, these theories would fit best, as they are seem to be tied to one another. Outline of the criminal/deviant behavior and the offender: In my opinion, student alcohol abuse is fairly self-explanatory. Students drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. However, I may elaborate and say that I am focusing more on why college and university students abuse alcohol. Excessive alcohol abuse can also be called â€Å"binge drinking†. This seems to be the closest type of drinking for college students. â€Å"binge drinking† according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism binge drinking is defined as the pattern of the blood alcohol content higher than 0.08%. â€Å"binge drinking† means 5 or more drinks at a single occasion for males, and 4 or more drinks for females. Generally, this happens within 2 hours. Alcohol affects every organ in the body. ItShow MoreRelatedWhat Are Deviant Behavior?1452 Words   |  6 Pages Joe File Final Exam Deviant Behavior June 30, 2015 Professor Carlino What is Deviant Behavior? Week 1 Deviance is any behavior that violates social norms, and is usually sever enough to warrant disapproval from the majority of society. Deviance can be criminal or non†criminal. The sociological discipline that deals with behavior that violates laws is criminology. 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People generally know that teenagers will find many ways to get alcohol. Teenagers find way to push the law requiring them to be twenty-one to purchase and consume alcohol underground or go around the law to get what they want. Teenagers use alcohol for reasons including stressRead MoreThe Models For Observational Learning1714 Words   |  7 Pagesdrink, take drugs and commit crimes, it can have an intergenerational effect where the children exhibit deviant attitudes and behaviours. Mary was frequently exposed to alcohol abuse by her mother, father and step-father which she later imitated through her own alcohol abuse. Marys drinking behaviour and drug abuse would have been further imitated from subculture models, namely her similarly deviant friends, and was perhaps reinforced by pain reduction and social approval from peers. Wortley (2011)Read MoreJuvenile Delinquency1154 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiences and different forms of violence at puberty. 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Without normsRead MoreHigh Risk Youth : A Public Health Approach By Doctor Dawn Delfin Mcdaniels1368 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as high poverty rates, is closely associated with delinquent behaviors in juveniles. It is therefore worthwhile to study the impact of socioeconomic factors in a child’s upbringing, and how such factors influence a child’s tendency to engage in deviant behavior. Consequently, it is also equally as important to study the protective barriers parents and community provide to their youth that assist in better coping with adversity. The scholarly article, â€Å"Risk and protective factors associated with

The Meaning Of The Word Proof Essay - 1842 Words

Foreman address the meaning of the word â€Å"proof† in the context of questions concerning God’s existence or non-existence. He specifies that in this context, â€Å"proof† does not mean as it does in its more natural context, mathematics, a demonstration that within the agreed-on axioms follows necessarily, but rather something else, and nevertheless of value. A â€Å"proof† of God, says Foreman, are defeasible, yet have not (yet) been defeated. They are valuable because they offer the best explanation for what we observe in nature. McCloskey does not share Foreman’s sense of â€Å"proof.† His line of thought runs as follows: since the â€Å"proofs† of God’s existence cannot be definitively established – they are defeasible, unlike mathematical proofs – they should be abandoned. This seems like a totalitarian gesture, since we know that multiple, often paradoxical senses, can run through the same signifier, in this case, â€Å"proof,† yet to McCloskey, because the sense of â€Å"proof† that he demands is not pertinent in this context, the word is mistaken, and therefore the arguments and whatever values they may share ought to be abandoned. This is not a strong position, but rather reflective of a miserly relationship to words’ multiple senses. McCloskey nevertheless attends to specific claims presented in each of the more popular proofs for God’s existence. Regarding the Cosmological Proof, he says, the existence of the world does not entitle one to hold that, since the world consists of anShow MoreRelatedHw 1-Logic Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagesimmediately restated, nearly word for word. ix. Because the conclusion is supported by a chain of reasoning involving a premise that restates or presupposes the conclusion, __________________.) 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Unilever and Profitability

Question: Describe about the Business model , Issues of stakeholders and Personal opinion about investing of Unilever Corporation? Answer: Introduction: This report contains some discussion of Unilever Corporation that mainly delivers its business operation by maintaining the society and environment. Unilever Corporation is a global company and the sales growth is very higher than any other companies of the competitive sector. It mainly is associated with producing consumer goods. It is the multinational company of consumer goods. It owns 400 brands of product. It operates its business by merging with some other company. This company delivers products like, food, cleaning and personal care products. 1. Discussion of Business model of Unilever Corporation: Figure 1: Business model of Unilever Corporation (Source: www.unilever.com, 2015) Unilever Corporation has designed its business model in order to deliver sustainable growth to the business process. They accept business model of sustainable and equitable growth. People, brands and business operation are three major parts of business model of Unilever Corporation. Therefore, the outputs of this business model are divided into three parts, like sustainable growth, positive social impact and lower environment impact. These three elements are also the part of the vision statement of Unilever (Unilever.com, 2010). Therefore, business model of this company focuses upon the brands of the company. They focus upon the brand equity and connections between the customers and the company. This company offers strong brand equity in order to create efficiencies among the customers. This company seeks to the diverse business operation by utilizing motivated and leadership quality people. This company delivers products to 2 billion customers. However, Unilever is trying to increase this number in order to develop more innovative and sustainable products (Ifama.org, 2015). This company use global scale for delivering profitable growth of products. This company adds value to its supply chain by enhancing the quality of the products and service of customers within the competitive market sector. Innovation and development of product are the main motto of his company in order to operate sustainable and profitable growth of the business within the competitive market sector. Unilever Corporation tries to reduce the costs that help to improve margins. Moreover, the goals of the business model of Unilever is to improve the health and well being of the people as well as reduce the environmental impact and enhance the livelihoods of the people (Unilever.com, 2010). Unilever Corporation conducts USLP (Unilever Sustainable Living Plan) that helps to improve the well being and livelihood of people by delivering products. This company promotes many programs of social responsibility among many countries. This company also tries to reduce green house gas in respect of the producing their products. Unilever generally measures its manufacturing progress per tone of production. It also uses lifecycle approach by calculating the results of environmental impact of its products. Therefore, every country including the home country of the author also needs this type of company that helps to grow its business by delivering sustainable growth to the business operation. 2. Explaining whether Unilevers model engages stakeholders or not: Figure 2: factors, effects and techniques of multi-stakeholder engagement of Unilever Corporation (Source: Ifama.org, 2015). This model describes different style and techniques of stakeholder management. Here in this model individual factors are the attendance of mangers in various types of international events that has been arranged for stakeholders of many values, backgrounds and objectives. This also includes the ability of interactions with different stakeholders to the employees of the organization. Effective interaction with multiple stakeholders is also included in the stakeholder engagement process (Darakuviena and Bendoraitiena, 2013). Here in this model, Eskerod and Jepsen (2013) described that, the organizational factors involve mainly the organizational culture, reward system in order to promote innovation. Employees and managers are always encouraged in order to propose new program. Every project of this company is made by considering the fact of environment and society. Innovation and proper development of the product always engage different knowledgeable employees. On the other hand, there is cross functional collaboration among the team of marketing, procurement and production (Spencer, 2013) The strategic factors are involved in the background of information exchange process with the stakeholders of this company. Strong relationship with suppliers boosts the innovation process of manufacturing (Wu, 2013). Therefore, this company takes the activity of engagements with multi stakeholders. This company undertakes actions on the process of sustainability with different activities of NGOs. This company also maintains the rules and regulations of the government of operating country. This also secures the supply of strategic resources (Reed, 2013). Therefore, it can be analyzed that Unilever Corporation takes several activities in order to maintain the management of different stakeholders. Social and environmental impact of this company therefore helps in order to engage with different stakeholders. According to Fraser (2013), Social and environmental impact causes no issue to the farmers of several developing countries of world. Stakeholder engagement includes in the corporate culture of this company. Extensive research and development process is also be done by this company. Cross functional process of this company helps to maintain effective relation with multi group of stakeholders of different choices and preferences (Fang et al. 2013). 3. Issues of stakeholders of Unilever Corporation: According to Liu et al. (2014), Unilever has faced some issues and critical moments. Recent market share of Unilever Corporation has been decreased. Unilever Corporation has made a strong position among the group of investors who mainly focus upon the long term sustainability and the social and environment impact of a business company. However, Macagno (2013) argued that, mainstream investors often make interest on the short term profit of company. However, this issue should be considered by the company as because it has to make plan about its target of sustainable business (McGeorge et al. 2013). Therefore, Muthuveloo (2013) argued that, long term investors often show interest upon the sustainability as well as long term growth of the particular company. It also relies upon the reputation and image of the company within the competitive market sector of business. However, I think that, Unilever Corporation should not sacrifice the commitments of social and environment cause as because it gives a different perspective of business within the competitive market sector. This can help in order to build an effective image and reputation within the market. This can also help in building trust among the customers. Strong brand equity also has been made by the implication of this type of strategy that impact upon the society and environment as well as the people. 4. Personal opinion about investing in a company whose short term profits low due to the social and environmental responsibilities: According to Missonier and Loufrani-Fedida, (2014), short term profit can be realized from the assets within the life span of a year or two year. Short term profit or short term investment often avoids risk for future and broad consequences of business. It often does not include social and environmental outcomes. It also does not retain the customers. On the other hand, Tazhitdinov (2013) stated that, long term investing always impact upon long term success and sustainability of the company within the business sector of competitive market. Long term investment also impact upon the social and environmental cause. I would always prefer to invest in that type of company that believes in the long term growth or sustainability expect than short term profit. I will go with the brand image or reputation of the company before investing in it. Long term investing will impact upon the social and environmental cause that will also satisfy the customers of the organization. Therefore, I will definitely go for a company that invests for long term success of the particular company. 5. Long term effect of socially and environmentally responsible companies: As stated by Treharne (2008), every business company should maintain an effective task of corporate social responsibility along with making profit by providing products or service. Many companies take several initiatives by organizing some program on education, awareness. Some companies produce products those are harmless for the environment. Unilever Corporation is like a company who manufactures product of consumer goods those are very effective in order to impact upon the society and environment (De et al. 2014). Government should involve these types of companies who sell products those are socially responsible and impact upon the environment. This type of company always impact upon different types of stakeholders of the organization. Long term implication also satisfies the loyal as well as potential customers and new customers also (Treharne, 2008). Conclusion: This report has dealt with effective business model of Unilever Corporation that helps to attract stakeholders of various groups. This report also has discussed about some issues of stakeholder engagement of Unilever Corporation. This also has discussed long term effect of environmental and societal effect of several companies. This company also has described the factor, process and types of stakeholder management within the company. Reference list Books De Brucker, K., Wiethoff, M., Marchau, V. and Macharis, C. (2014). Strategic analysis of stakeholder preferences regarding the design of ITS-based road safety measures. IET Intelligent Transport Systems. Eskerod, P. and Jepsen, A. (2013). Project stakeholder management. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. Fraser, C. (2013). Business statistics for competitive advantage with Excel 2013. New York: Springer. McGeorge, W., Zou, P. and Palmer, A. (2013). Construction management. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: John Wiley Sons Inc. Spencer, B. (2013). Business model design and learning. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press. Journals Darkuvien, V. and Bendoraitien, E. (2013). The stakeholder concept analysis. MOSR, 68(68), pp.41-52. Fang, H., Randolph, R., Chrisman, J. and Barnett, T. (2013). Firm religiosity, bounded stakeholder salience, and stakeholder relationships in family firms. Journal of Management, Spirituality Religion, 10(3), pp.253-270. Liu, R., Wu, Y. and Li, R. (2014). Stakeholder Analysis of EV Spread in China. AMM, 599-601, pp.2168-2172. Macagno, T. (2013). A Model for Managing Corporate Sustainability. Business and Society Review, 118(2), pp.223-252. Missonier, S. and Loufrani-Fedida, S. (2014). Stakeholder analysis and engagement in projects: From stakeholder relational perspective to stakeholder relational ontology. International Journal of Project Management, 32(7), pp.1108-1122. Muthuveloo, (2013). ACHIEVING BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY VIA I-TOP MODEL. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 5(1), pp.15-21. Reed, R. (2013). Sustainability: a business phenomenon. American Journal of Business, 28(2). Tazhitdinov, I. (2013). The applying stakeholder approach to strategic management of territories development. EoR, pp.17-27. Treharne, R. (2008). Abstract of "The Ethics of Profit". J Long Term Eff Med Implants, 18(1), p.32. Wagner, B. and Svensson, G. (2014). A framework to navigate sustainability in business networks. European Business Review, 26(4), pp.340-367. Wu, M. (2013). Towards a Stakeholder Perspective on Competitive Advantage. IJBM, 8(4). Websites Ifama.org, (2015) International Food and Agribusiness Management Association - International Food and Agribusiness Association [online] Available at: https://www.ifama.org [Accessed 22 Feb. 2015]. Unilever.com, (2010). Unilever global company website | Unilever Global [online] Available at: https://www.unilever.com [Accessed 22 Feb. 2015]